Orsholon Dialect of Urnati
Natively known as: Bagoka /baˈgoka/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...no me sikun bal qa qekin no biba qa komim em om biba>
Pronunciation: /no me siˈkun bal qa qeˈkin no biˈba qa koˈmim em om biˈba/
Orsholon Dialect of Urnati word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind
Geographical Distribution
Phonology
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: /b g k l m n p q r s v w/| ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Velar | Labio-velar | Uvular |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Stop | p b | k g | q | |||
| Fricative | v | s | ||||
| Approximant | w | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Lateral approximant | l |
Vowel inventory: /a e i o u/
Tones: ˧
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| High-mid | e | o |
| Low | a |
Stress pattern: Second — stress is on the second syllable Phonological changes (in order of application):
- t → θ
- {ur,er} → ar
- v → b
- i → ia / _#
| Pronunciation | Spelling |
|---|
Morphology
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = Suffix -o˧w
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -a˧
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b
Else: Suffix -a˧b
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -i˧
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -i˧n
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Suffix -i˧
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -go˧
Else: Suffix -u˧go˧
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -we˧
Else: Suffix -a˧we˧
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -a˧
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -knu˧
Else: Suffix -e˧knu˧
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -i˧
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -q
Else: Suffix -e˧q
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -gvru˧
Else: Suffix -u˧gvru˧
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -pri˧
Else: Suffix -e˧pri˧
Syntax
Grammar
Main word order: Subject-Verb-Object-Oblique. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions
Noun
| Singular | No affix
min> /min/ |
| Plural | If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -i˧m mini˧m> /miˈni˧m/ |
Articles
Orsholon Dialect of Urnati has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.
Pronouns
| 1st singular | o> /o/
I, me |
| 2nd singular | iq> /iq/
you |
| 3rd singular masc | me> /me/
he, him, it |
| 3rd singular fem | sor> /sor/
she, her, it |
| 1st plural | pub> /pub/
we, us |
| 2nd plural | mia> /miˈa/
you (all) |
| 3rd plural | u> /u/
they, them |
Possessive determiners
| 1st singular | ro> /ro/
my |
| 2nd singular | es> /es/
your |
| 3rd singular masc | qa> /qa/
his, its |
| 3rd singular fem | a> /a/
her, its |
| 1st plural | ia> /iˈa/
our |
| 2nd plural | be> /be/
your |
| 3rd plural | e> /e/
their |
Verbs
| Present | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nle˧
Else: Suffix -o˧nle˧ zumeiono˧nle˧> /zuˈmeiˌono˧nle˧/ |
| Past | Suffix -a˧b
zumeiona˧b> /zuˈmeiˌona˧b/ |
| Remote past | If ends with vowel: Suffix -s
Else: Suffix -e˧s zumeione˧s> /zuˈmeiˌone˧s/ |
| Future | Suffix -o˧
zumeiono˧> /zuˈmeiˌono˧/ |
Perfect aspect
Perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’,
which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken
but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
In Orsholon Dialect of Urnati, the perfect is constructed with an affix
| Perfect | Suffix -i˧l
zumeioni˧l> /zuˈmeiˌoni˧l/ |
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